初中英语（家教资料）

日常交际用语简表

(DailyExpressionsinCommunication)

1.问候Greetings

morning/afternoon/evening.

Hello/Hi.

Howareyou?

,ou?

Verywell,thankyou.

2.介绍Introductions

isMr/Miss/Mrs....

oyoudo?

Nice/Gladtosee/meetyou.

meis...I’mastudent/workeretc.(here).

3.告别Farewells

nkit’stimeforustoleavenow.

bye!(Bye-bye!Bye!)

Seeyoulater/tomorrow.(Seeyou.)

Goodnight.

4.打电话Makingtelephonecalls

o!MayIspeakto...?

on,please.

He/Sheisn’thererightnow.

CanItakeamessageforyou?

c.I’mcallingtotell/askyou....

bye.

5.感谢和应答Thanksandresponses

kyou(verymuch).

Thanksalot.

Manythanks.

Thanksfor....

tall.

That’sallright.

You’rewelcome.

6.祝愿、祝贺和应答Wishes,congratulationsandresponses

luck!

Bestwishestoyou.

Haveanice/goodtime.

Congratulations!

kyou.

yNewYear!

MerryChristmas!

Happybirthdaytoyou.

ametoyou.

7.意愿Intentions

I’mgoingto....

Iwill....

I’dliketo....

Iwant/hopeto....

8.道歉和应答Apologiesandresponses

a.I’msorry.(Sorry.)

I’msorryfor/about....

Excuseme.

’sallright.

Itdoesn’tmatter.

That’snothing.

9.遗憾和同情Regretsandsympathy

Whatapity!

Imsorrytohear....

10.邀请和应答Invitationsandresponses

youcometo...?

Wouldyouliketo...?

,I’dloveto....

Yes,it’sverykind/niceofyou.

c.I’dloveto,but....

11.提供(帮助等)和应答Offersandresponses

helpyou?

WhatcanIdoforyou?

Here,takethis/my....

ou.

Wouldyoulikesome...?

wouldbenice/fine.

Thankyouforyourhelp.

Yes,please.

,thanks/thankyou.

That’sverykindofyou,but....

12.请求允许和应答Askingforpermissionandresponses

...?

Can/CouldI...?

Yes,doplease.

Ofcourse(youmay).

That’sOK/allright.

c.I’msorry,but....

You’dbetternot.

13.表示同意和不同意Expressingagreementanddisagreement

ainly/Sure/Ofcourse.

Yes,please.

Yes,Ithinkso.

That’strue.

Allright/OK.

That’sagoodidea.

Iagree(withyou).

,Idon’tthinkso.

I’mafraidnot.

Ireallycan’tagreewithyou.

14.表示肯定和不肯定Expressingcertaintyanduncertainty

a.I’msure.

I’msure(that)....

b.I’mnotsure.

I’mnotsurewhether/if....

e/Perhaps.

24.喜好和厌恶Likesanddislikes

e/love...(verymuch).

Ilike/loveto....

’tlike(to)....

Ihate(to)....

16.谈论天气Talkingabouttheweather

’stheweatherliketoday?

How’stheweatherin...?

’sfine/cloudy/windy/rainy,etc.

It’sratherwarm/cold/hot/y,isn’tit?

17.购物Shopping

canIdoforyou?

May/CanIhelpyou?

t/I’dlike....

Howmuchisit?

That’stoomuch/expensive,I’mafraid.

That’sfine.I’lltakeit.

,etc.

any/muchdoyouwant?

Whatcolour/size/kind/doyouwant?

uhaveanyotherkind/size/colour,ect.?

18.问路和应答Askingthewayandresponses

e’sthemen’s/ladies’room?

Excuseme,canyoutellmethewayto...?

HowcanIgetto...?Idon’tknowtheway.

wnthisstreet.

Turnright/leftatthefirst/secondcrossing.

It’esfromhere.

19.问时间或日期和应答Askingthetimeordateandresponses

dayis(it)today?

What’sthedatetoday?

Whattimeisit?

What’sthetime,please?

’sMonday/Tuesday,etc.

It’sJanuary10th.

It’sfiveo’clock/halfpastfive/aquartertofive/fivethirty,etc.

It’stimefor....

20.请求Requests

e?

Will/Wouldyouplease...?

MayIhave...?

segive/passme....

Pleasewait(here/amoment).

Pleasewait(for)yourturn.

Pleasestandinline/lineup.

Pleasehurry.

21.劝告和建议Adviceandsuggestions

’dbetter....

Youshould....

Youneed(to)....

lwe...?

Let’s....

What/Howabout...?

22.禁止和警告Prohibitionandwarnings

an’t/mustn’t....

Ifyou...,you’ll....

care!

Becareful!

23.表示感情Expressingcertainemotions

a.喜悦Pleasure,joy

I’mglad/pleased/happyto....

That’snice.

That’swonderful/great.

b.焦虑Anxiety

What’swrong?

What’sthematter(withyou)?

I’m/He’s/She’,whatshallI/wedo?

c.惊奇Surprise

Really?

Oh,dear!

Isthatso?

15.就餐Takingmeals

wouldyouliketohave?

Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat/drink?

b.I’dlike....

Wouldyoulikesomemore...?

Helpyourselftosome....

kyou.I’vehadenough./Justalittle,please.

25.约会Makingappointments

oufreethisafternoon/evening?

Howabouttomorrowmorning/afternoon/evening?

Shallwemeetat4:30at...?

,that’sallright.

Yes,I’llbefreethen.

,Iwon’’llbefree....

outhen.

26.传递信息Passingonamessage

youpleasegivethisnote/messageto...?

dmetogiveyouthisnote.

ksforthemessage.

27.看病Seeingthedoctor

e’ssomethingwrongwith....

I’vegotacough.

Ifeelterrible(bad).

Idon’tfeelwell.

I’vegotapainhere.

Thisplacehurts.

thismedicinethreetimesaday.

It’snothingserious.

You’llbeallright/wellsoon.

28.求助Callingforhelp

!

’sthematter?

29.处理交际中的障碍Languagedifficulties

Pardon.

Pleasesaythatagain/moreslowly.

Whatdoyoumeanby...?

I’msorryIcan’tfollowyou.

I’msorryIknowonlyalittleEnglish.

30.常见的标志和说明Somecommonsignsandinstructions

BUSINESSHOURSFRAGILE

OFFICEHOURSTHISSIDEUP

OPENMENU

CLOSEDNOSMOKING

PULLNOPARKING

PUSHNOPHOTOS

ONDANGER!

OFFPLAY

ENTRANCESTOP

EXITPAUSE

INSTRUCTIONS

初中英语构词法基本知识讲解

1，合成法

合成法至今保持着旺盛的生命力，在现代英语中不少新词都是借助原有的词合成的。

1)名词+名词→名词

basket(篮子)+ball(球)　　　　→basketball篮球

book (书) +shop(商店 ) → bookshop书店

house(房子) +work(劳动) → housework家务劳动

2)形容词+名词→名词

black(黑色的)+board( 木 板) →blackboard黑板

English(英国的)+man(人) →Englishman英国人

loud(大声的)+speaker(说话者) →loudspeaker扬声器

3)介词+名词→名词(或形容词)

after(在后)+noon(正午) →afternoon下午

under(在下面)+ground(地面) → underground地下的'

4)名词+过去分词→形容词

man(人)+made(做) → man-made人造的

5)名词(形容词)+名词+ed→形容词

glass(玻璃)+topped(顶部的) →glass-topped玻璃罩着的

kind(善良的)+hearted(心) →kind-hearted好心的

6)副词+名词→介词

in(里面)+side(边) →inside在内

down(在下)+stairs(楼梯) →downstairs在楼下

2、派生法

派生法是通过在词根上加后缀或前缀构成新词。它不仅扩充了英语词汇，而且丰富了语言的表现力。

后缀(后缀多数改变词性而不改变词义)：

1)动词或形容词+er/or →名词

write v.写 →writer n.作者

travel v. 旅 行 →traveller n.旅 客

foreign adj.外国的 →foreigner n.外国人

invent v.发明 →inventor n.发明家

visit v. 参观 → vistor n.参观者

2)动词 +(t)ion → 名词

invent v.发明 →invention n.发明

operate v.做手术 →operation n.手术

3)动词+ing/ed → 名词或形容词

build v. 建筑 →building n.建筑物

interest v.使感兴