中考英语语法主谓一致考点分析
语法概说
主谓一致命题趋势与预测
根据对主谓一致部分全国各地试题的分析可知,今后该部分将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为:
1、主谓一致的语法一致原则
2、主谓一致的整体一致原则
3、主谓一致的就近一致原则
4、主谓一致的意义一致原则
5、主谓一致的附加原则
考点诠释
一、由or, either... or... , neither... nor... , not also... , ...等连接并列主语时,常采用就近原则,动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。
考例Not only Jim but also his sister ______a few cities in the south since they came to China.[临沂市]
A.will visit B. has visited C.have visited D .visited
[答案]B .[解析]本题既考查时态,又考查并列连词not only...but also的用法。由时间状语since they came to China,可判断用现在完成时,排除A、D两项;not only...but also连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词要用"就近原则。
Neither Jim nor his cousins _______to America, but _____of them know the country very well. [07年潍坊市]
A.have been;a11 B. have been; both C has been; all D.has been; both
[答案]B.[解析]考查neither...nor的用法,以及both与all的区别。neither…nor连接两个主语时,谓语用"就近原则",cousins是复数,谓语用have been,排除C和D项;指两者用both。
二、 the number of + 复数名词,主语是the number(数量),谓语动词用单数;a number of +复数名词,主语是复数名词,a number of作定语, 相当于many,谓语动词用复数。
考例Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (2004包头)
A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers
C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers
答案:A。该题考查的是主谓一致。这个句子的主语是a number of deer, 是个复数概念,因此谓语动词应用复数形式。(deer单复数相同)
The number of ________ in our class ________ fifty. (2004山东烟台)
A. student, isB. the students, are C. the students, isD. students, are
[答案]: C
[命题立意]:本题考查主谓一致的用法。
[试题解析]:the number of 后接复数名词,作主语时,其谓语动词用单数形式。故应选C。
三、动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。
考例As the saying ________,"Where there is a will; there is a way. "[昆明市]
A. go B. goes C. going D. went
[答案]B.[解析] the saying为第三人称单数形式,所以谓语动词用goes。
但what从句作主语而表语是复数时,谓语动词常用复数。
What we badly need here are experienced teachers. 我们这里急需的是有经验的`教师。
四、and连接的两个单数名词作主语。
考例Trees and flowers ________every year to make our country more beautiful. [陕西省]
A. is planted B. was planted C. are planted D. were planted
[答案]C.[解析] every year说明本句表示的是一般现在时的概念,去掉B、D项;trees and flowers表达复数意义,所以选C项。
五、表示时间、距离、金钱、体积或数字等的词语作主语且表示总量时,谓语动词用单数。
考例
---How much ________the shoes?
---Five dollars_________ enough. [年青岛市]
A.is;is B are;is C.are;are D.is;are
[答案]B .[解析] 答案为B。shoes作主语时,谓语动词应用复数形式;five dollars是一个整体,应按单数对待。
How time flies! Ten years ________ passed. (2004天津)
A. have B. has C. is D. are
答案:B。该题考查的是主谓一致。Ten years通常被看作是一个时间整体,谓语动词用单数形式。
六、就近原则
--There__________ no milk in the fridge. Could you get some for me, Dick?
--All right, Mum. [福州市]
A. is B. are C. was D. were
[答案]A.[解析]本题考查"there be"句型中be的数及时态,be在数上要与最近的主语保持一致.句子的主语是不可数名词,所以be应使用单数形式,B、D两项可以排除。
Not only Jim but also his sister ______a few cities in the south since they came to China.[07临沂市]
A.will visit B. has visited C.have visited D .visited
[答案]B .[解析]本题既考查时态,又考查并列连词not only...but also的用法。由时间状语since they came to China,可判断用现在完成时,排除A、D两项;not only...but also连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词要用"就近原则。
Neither Jim nor his cousins _______to America, but _____of them know the country very well. [07年潍坊市]
A.have been;a11 B. have been; both C has been; all D.has been; both
[答案]B.[解析]考查neither...nor的用法,以及both与all的区别。neither…nor连接两个主语时,谓语用"就近原则",cousins是复数,谓语用have been,排除C和D项;指两者用both。
《透析
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