四六级考试备考课堂笔记

1. What the author discussed in the previous section is most probably about ____.

A) relationships between causes and results

B) classification of reasoning

C) some other common types of reasoning

D) some special type of reasoning

注：文章之前的.段落内容=首句+结构提示词，one-the

other/some-another

Another common type of reasoning is the search for causes and results. We want to know whether cigarettes really do cause lung cancer, what cause malnutrition(营养不良), the decay of cities, or the decay of teeth. We are equally interested in effects: what is the effect of sulphur or lead in the atmosphere, of oil spills and raw sewage from cause to effect

B) from effect to cause

C) from effect to effect and on to cause

D) from effect to cause and on to another effect

3. A necessary cause is ____.

A) one without which it is impossible for the effect to occur

B) one of the causes that can produce the effect

C) one that is enough to make the effect occur

D) none of them

注：第三段，A选项是必须在场的相同意思的改写。B选项是原因之一，sufficient cause，C选项没有 必须 含义。